From this article discussing new research on the topic published in the journal Neuron. The mechanism for brain criticality--optimization of information processing--is inhibitory neurons "imposing and organizing the computational dynamics."
It is interesting what math they used to measure criticality: “Recently, people moved away from
measuring simple power laws, which can pop out of random noise, and have
started looking at something called the exponent relation. So far,
that’s the only true signature of criticality, and it’s the basis of all
of our measurements.”
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