"The great economic revolutions in
history occur when new communication technologies converge with new
energy systems. New energy revolutions make possible more expansive and
integrated trade. Accompanying communication revolutions manage the new
complex commercial activities made possible by the new energy flows. In
the 19th century, cheap steam powered print technology and the
introduction of public schools gave rise to a print-literate work force
with the communication skills to manage the increased flow of commercial
activity made possible by coal and steam power technology, ushering in
the First Industrial Revolution. In the 20th century, centralized
electricity communication—the telephone, and later radio and
television—became the communication medium to manage a more complex and
dispersed oil, auto, and suburban era, and the mass consumer culture of
the Second Industrial Revolution.
"Today, Internet technology and
renewable energies are beginning to merge to create a new infrastructure
for a Third Industrial Revolution (TIR) that will change the way power
is distributed in the 21st century. In the coming era, hundreds of
millions of people will produce their own renewable energy in their
homes, offices, and factories and share green electricity with each
other in an 'Energy Internet just like we now generate and share
information online.
"The Third Industrial Revolution is the
last of the great Industrial Revolutions and will lay the foundational
infrastructure for an emerging collaborative age. Its completion will
signal the end of a two-hundred-year commercial saga characterized by
industrious thinking, entrepreneurial markets, and mass labor workforces
and the beginning of a new era marked by collaborative behavior, social
networks and professional and technical workforces. In the coming half
century, the conventional, centralized business operations of the First
and Second Industrial Revolutions will increasingly be subsumed by the
distributed business practices of the Third Industrial Revolution; and
the traditional, hierarchical organization of economic and political
power will give way to lateral power organized nodally across society.
"The emerging Third Industrial
Revolution, by contrast, is organized around distributed renewable
energies that are found everywhere and are, for the most part, free—sun,
wind, hydro, geothermal heat, biomass, and ocean waves and tides. These
dispersed energies will be collected at millions of local sites and
then bundled and shared with others over a continental green electricity
internet to achieve optimum energy levels and maintain a
high-performing, sustainable economy. The distributed nature of
renewable energies necessitates collaborative rather than hierarchical
command and control mechanisms. This new lateral energy regime
establishes the organizational model for the countless economic
activities that multiply from it. A more distributed and collaborative
industrial revolution, in turn, invariably leads to a more distributed
sharing of the wealth generated."
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