"Cultural learning also impacts our ability to engage in interactions
and create intersubjectivity. Even mundane interactions typically
require us to recognize meaningful affordances, i.e. enabling states for
our next action perceived in real-time. In particular, we incorporate
the dynamic flow of body signals (gestures, gaze, gait, etc.) from
others into how we modulate our own actions. Just imagine a simple
nonverbal negotiation of two persons sliding past each other in a narrow
corridor. Sophisticated martial arts, dance, or bodywork skills that
require years of apprenticeship equally highlight enactive
intersubjectivity (Fuchs & de Jaegher, 2010). As Kimmel (2012)
argues, dancers of tango argentino can fluidly improvise together only
when they actively explore the partner at every moment and reciprocally
make their bodies amenable to being sensed (e.g. a good follower
strategically creates muscle chains allowing the leader to sense via her
shoulder blade what her leg is up to.) Communication depends on a
highly organized 'tango body' with ingrained postural, muscle related,
and attentional habits. While complex intersubjectivity skills
fundamentally build on immediate perception, they place the senses in a
continuum with functional concepts and regulative imagery. For example,
tango experts stick to basic enabling states by imagining a constant
'magnet' or 'torch seeking the partner’s sternum.' This helps maintain
rapport in any situation. More complex regulators keep track of
functionally important sensory coalescences, e.g. an 'energy ball'
representing the couple’s joint weight at a given moment. Here,
multi-channel sensory input gets blended 'into' the image, including
proprioception, the partner’s body, and space. The current position of
the ball summarizes system-level information, allows dynamic feedback to
be felt in the flesh, and thus provides a control structure for joint
action. Finally, the tango case sheds light on the hidden cognitive
substrate of dynamic decision making. Accomplished tango leaders fluidly
combine basic micro-elements without enacting scripted step sequences
and without much remeditation. They simply recognize a large repertory
of dynamic configurations that signal affordances to exploit 'on the
fly' on a given trajectory or to nudge the couple to when still a bit
away. Experts do this without enforcing anything, but by 'soft-assembling' the interaction within repertoire related as well as
sensory constraints (somatic feedback, music, available space)" (312).
sensory constraints (somatic feedback, music, available space)" (312).
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